broido



AB. BROIDO.

SUPERHEATER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 4

Patented Deo. 2, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

To all'ihom imag/ concern." g

Be 1t known that l; BENJAMIN 'BRo1`po, a

iran v 'STATES' er iSNJAiVLINBRoIDd or NRW YORK, N. Y.; AssIGNoR 'roLooolvro'rrvn SUERHATER i COMPANY, or NEW YORK, N.- A .CORPORATION orDELAWARE.

. spe-amati@ of tettrsrlatena Ptentd 1090.2,1919

AAp'piibiiion ined March 4, 1`91 s; serial No. 220,350.5

citizen of the'Russian Republic, residing in the -city of New York,State of New .Yorlr,

"have-. invented a new and useful' Improves ment in'Sup'e'rheaters, of`Awhich the .follow- 'ing is such "full, clear, concise, and-exact)-description as required `by the statute.

This description is 'to be fread injconnection withthe accompanyingdrawings, formingv `part hereof.

My invention is herein sho-wn applied to"- i superheaters ofthe kindgenerally employed 4for thepurpose oi superheat-ing steam generated inaboilerv inyconnection with I-'wh1ch the superheaterfis used; it willvbe-unde' r stood however that its use is no t` confinedtosuchcases'biit.A that it of equal utility inv `case the steam to bevsiipmheated .isgener -ated in-ase `aratehoiler, or in case-theluid to'-besuper eatedis some fluid other than steam. "In fact, my" inventionvvrelatesA to- .apparatuswhich is of very general applica tion, and thefact that I have illustrated 'it herey in a superhieater-isfnot to beltaken as inf ,I

l any waylimitingit. to 'any particular use.

4the-arrows, and illustrating my invention as applied'to 'a superheater'.used in connection' form .with my invention applied; f

i' bend of' a superheater unit accordingto my invention;

15,5 Fig- 6 is a' longitudinal-centrali vsett-ion of- The principalobjects of 'my invention are theboiler is .very moist, or where-thewater holds iny solution a largeamount of scaleformingI materials; andto* provide an 1m proved return `bend vgiving accessibility' to',-.theiiiterior ofthe superh'eataerunit.

' b/i-'iefiysta-ted, illustrate the. following:

Figure l1- shows a section on 'line 1'-`-1 lof Fig. 2, looking in the.direction indicated by with a return tubular boiler, only as muchofthe-latter being shown asis necessary'to bring"V out the relationbetweeni the boiler,- and the superheaterg, j Fig. 2 `is-"a section online 2 2 of: Fig. 1,

rigs. s and .i afgtides Similar wrigfi, -illustrating'modiiicationsa VFig. 5a illustratesin perspectivaa return header, 8, has only one ch Fi5 shows a superhe'ater unit' of another f n I i types, thosecommunicating with chamber 13 a sectionon the saine line, with the-'capre- Figs. 8,8, 9,11, 14 Yare viewslsimilarI to F1g.6, illustratingmodifications;- Fig,

, 10 isa bottom viewotFig. 9, the clainpand cover 'being'omittedg Fig.12 is aside view of 171'; Fig. 13 a' ,top' view of theyoke of Fig'.11;Fig. '15 is a side viewof Fig. 14

a plan View .of theyolrev of Fig.`14;; I .I

F igs. '17, 18 and 19,'i1lustrate -a protective -with parts brokenv'away anda partshownin section on -linefl-l'of Fig. 14; Fig. l is.

covering appliedto the 'return' bends, Fig.

17'being asectionon line 17- 17 of Fig. 18,

Fig` 18 being" a' side view with one half -of the covering removed, andFig. 19 section online 194-19 'of Fig'.` 17;V

Figs. l20;and 21 are views similar to- Figs. 17' and v18 respectively,,of al modification.

It will be seen that Figs. 1, 2 and 4 are being a' on one scale, Fig. 3on a slightly smaller, ,A

andthe remaining figures on asomewhat enlarged scale.

Attention? is first invitedtoythe formv ot myinvention'.illustrated` inFigs'. 1 and 2. 'Ihe return tubular'boiler 2 is shown here".

in asetting 1. Hot gasesfr'omthe furnace (notshown) 'ownnder the boilertoward the right, 'asviewed in Fig. 1, passing over 4.partitic'qn 3, andreturn toward thel'eft through the' iues 31 of the boiler. `The'superheater L is vvso placed thatthe gases com einto contact. with itafter their .pass

-i1`nder J the boiler, -and before they return through the. lues. vThesuperheater comprisesthe units 5, each made'l up of two v ranches v64and 7, 'secured to the headers'S and 9 respectively...Theheader 9- has.two

chambers, 12 and 13, separated from each other *by partition 1.11; 7while the other amber, :co-extenf sive .with .theheader itselfg, A. i

One/ endotheader 9 is connected'with `the steam space of the boilerv bypipe '10, and its other end has attached toit pipe 11 leading. v

i -to the engine or other pointoi consumption.

It will be noted that' the. units are of two haying the lower ends oftheir two branches connectedv by a simple bend in the' pipe,`

lio

-hold the two ends of a unit to the'box.

below. The two branches of the latter set each have a bend in them, asat 15.

The course of the steam through the superheater is as follows: Fromcompartment 12 of header 9 it flows downward 'through branch 7 of thatset of units which have one end communicating with this compartment. Itthen passes up through branch 6 of these units into header 8, thencedownward through branches 6 of the remaining units, upward throughtheirbranches 7, and

so into compartment '13 of header-9', whence it is carried to theengine.

The means of connecting the lower ends of the branches 6 and 7 of thefirst set of units comprise a box or header 16, to which the ends aresecured by the familiar ball joint. This joint forms no part of myinvention and it will be unnecessary to describe it in full. that asingle clamp 17 and a single bolt 118 T 1e box 16 is supported on twobrackets 19. I

The bend 15 is putinto the units connected with box 16 to allow forpossible inequality in expansion or contraction of the units. If theunits were straight, such unequal eX- pansion or contraction would belikely to set up serious stresses and result in leaks and othertroubles.

The purpose for connecting the lower ends of only some of the units bythe construction described above may be stated as follows: It is almostinvariably true that the steam arriving! at the superheater carries somemoisture with it. This amount is variable, but in any event itsevaporation results in a deposit in the superheater of the solid matterbrought in in solution by the water. The evaporation and consequentdeposit of solids occur within the first part of the travel of the steamin the superheater pipes. Where there are two or more passes for thesteam, the evaporation will all occur in the first pass. lVhateverprovision therefore is to be made for cleaning the superheater units ofsuch deposits needs to be made onlywith respect tothe first pass. It isfor this reason that only those units communicating with compartment 12are provided with a return box or header 16. This construction permitsof a ready detachment of the units and of their being cleaned on theinside. It

-is practically impossible to clean a U-shaped unit to the interior ofwhich access is permitted only through its two ends. Vhile the straightportions may be cleaned, the bend can not, and any scale or deposit leftin the bend obstructs the flow of the steam. With the presentconstruction access may be had to every part of the interior of theunit, and the unit can be effectively cleaned. The bend 15, it may beremarked, is so gradual, or on such a large radius, that the cleaningtool is able to follow around it far enough so that It will be noted,however,

by working r`from both yends it is possible to clean the entireinterior.

In Fig. 3 is illustrated a modification-of as the header is ina'protected position.` The remaining units are arranged as in the firstcase.

Instead of having` a common return box 16, the units communicating withcompartindependent return bend. Such aI case is illustrated in Fig. et,while Fig. 5a illustrates the return bend used.

As the units are here independent of each other and can expand andcontract independently, no bend like bend 15 of Figs. l and 3 isnecessary. The unit branches are therefore shown straight in Fig. 4f.Should one of the branches of a uhit of the form of Fig. 4 expand at a'rate different from the others, the lower end of the unit is evidentlyfree to swing as required. Except for the differences mentioned thestructure of the superheater of-Fig. 4 is similar to the one firstdescribed. Those units making up the- The two pipes, 6 and 7, arepreferably joined,

by the well-known process involving the use of a so-called breeches die,though any other method may be used if desired. A ring 20 is welded tothis open ended structure. If preferred, the ring may be made of thesubstance of the return bend itself, the end being upset for thispurpose. This ring is annular but has two diametrically oppositeextended portions or lugs 21.

The ring 20 has a seat 22, engaged by the corresponding seat of disk 23..In practice it has been found best to make the seat 22 conical, and togive the engaging seat ofthe disk the shape of a spherical segment.Bearing against the disk 23, and holding it' to seat 22 is the cap screw24. The threads of this screw engage the threads of clamp 25. This clamphas two portions 27 hooking over, and engaging the farthest surfaces of,the lugs 21. 26 is a lock-nut on screw 24. It will be clear that atightening of screw 2-l results in seating more forcibly the disk 23 onseat 22. By loosening screw 21, clamp 25 ment 12 of header 9 may eachhave its own 4erred construction. I t will be understood that thesuperheater is made-up of a whole een be slipped or, and dis-k 2sremoved. The

interior ofthe two pipes is' then accessible.

Seat' and' `the 'engaging 'surface of disk Y 23 are 'made/ spherical soVthat Aslight' relative displacements are possibleA Without impairing.the` tightness'of the j'oint-. 4Referring now te Fig: '5,' thereisghereshown afside view.

of a 'unit fot anotherv forni of superheateriy The. steam, it Will be|`observed, .entering header 9, passesl thro'ngl'i'th-e several loops 'ofthe units before return1nlg'v to headery: Evaporationof any moisture alloccurs 1n` theloop providedtvith the closure, accord# in gto myinvention', and therein'"aimingloops l setjof units l ingjbehind the oneshown ind j hence invisib e, all lattached tothe headers `likethe oneShown.

remaining passe'sare not. "5

i Figs. 6 and?, the yoke 25- is superseded 26 are as betere.- The; capcan evidently bei removed by giving it a yquarter turn afterV afcapl251, With segmental- `lugs 271 hooking 'over the'lugs21'0'f the openendedv return bend. The disk 23, screw 24, Yandloek-nu't screw Qih'asbeen. loosened.. Y

. In the `form of my device shown the cap S28- is screweddirectly onlthefring 20,: Which in this case 'has no lugsfand is'fsuits '-ably;`threaded. Ihefboss 29 fon. ythe innersurface of the-.capengage'sfthedisk" 2 3 and pressesit toits seat. v4o

- Another. "'form of "my invention "appears v in Figui?.` 'I-Ie're theopen endof the -return bend isiprovidedfwith the Hangs-81', Whichv isclamped betvveen-theiiange 81" and the blind'. ange or cfer'c,` agasket-8d being inter'- -posed between. Stand 8F. The twoyflanges 81Kand 8c are bolted together by bolts 8e. It i Willbe 'clear' that thecross-section. of the re tu'rfn bend lmay .be circularor elliptical.

By making'the aperturelof the open ended bend ellipticaly or ofothervvisesuitably elon4 viding. it" vvith an inner ledge 30, -a closurel maybe `used 'constructed on the Aprinciple of the commonhand-hole.covers, in which the interior'pressure .assists in seating the cover. vSuch a cover is shown -at'31 its stem 32 passing through thefyoke83 andcarrying the. nut '3i atv its outer threadede'nd. The oper-j ation'ofthis closure is'obvious.

The disk .23in Figs. 1 1to13 is held toits seat by means "oii-v the*vclamp.I 35, which is torced'againstthef disk by the two screws 3 6 landtheirnuts. The fartherendsof these screvvs pass thiough the yoke37,their heads -bearingon the surface/'of yoke Si? through .theivashers138; The yoke.- has a' saddle-` shaped surface .3.9; which engages thecorrespondingly shaped surface'of the return bend.

In .the forni of mydevice shownin Figs'.A '.14 to 16, the 'clamp 351Iandthe yoke -37 1,"`'in lieu lof -lyingat right angles to the plane' ofthetvvo branches 6 and? ofthe unit, as is the case in P "igsv l1 to 13,lie in aplaneparallel to that of the tvvobria n ches. The yoke` 371..has saddle-shaped surace," 39,- similar tovthe yokeof Fig; 13,!and"`similarly en aging the crutch of the return bend. Two `s ots/10 extendfrom the saddle-shapedportion out- Ward to eachend o f'theyoke. Thebranches 6 and, 7 of the unit lie in these slots', as do`V also thetwobolts 36.-; The Washers. 38 enf gage the-uppersurfaces of the forkedends- -o'fthe yoke.- 4

"The purpose fof Avvall 3, Figs. 1,2,and-4 is to'protect-ifhev lowerends ofthe unit. At4 timesitfrnay be f oundthat this Wall does notpres'ent suflicient protection for the return 'bends as "constructed byme; and in p'suc-h cases Iy employ a protectivev covering,

tvvoforms of vvhichare shown in Figs. 17

t0 21].. '-f f The form of this protecting`device made as in' Figs, 17ytol9 consists essentially of a metallic. coverm-ade in tvvdhalves,fit1-41:1, .helditogether by bolts 42,' passing through ears 4 3;Thesecovers aremadeof-length's to tsuit the number of unitstobeprotected, and.

.it livilll be clear that the .particularfform of closure used. does'vnot aii'ect the use ofthe cover. lThe space between the cover .and

the unit'l islled with somematerialthatis` poor conductor of heat, and'able 'to res1st;

higli temperatures.14

)Instead oihaving a cover that accommodates the Whole set oi* ends tobeprotected,

"each unit may be provided -vvith its '-'individ .ual.'c'ov er,I as-shown in Figs. 2O and 21.

Each cover iis vmade halves 111, connected' *by 'bolts '1121 passingthrough .the ears 431.

The interiorspace outside of the unit is again filled `with ai heatinsulator..

` j Eviden'tly a number of variations 'are pos-A 'siblein myunventionasherein disclosed Without.departing 'froin the spirit of the v'sub-joinedclai1n's,. andall .such variations are meant to be included fbythem;

1. -In apparatus of combination of a plurality of headers,-unit skconnected to them and togetherv With` thehr providing'a path for theflow of steam com'- 'prising a plurality of passes and means ata v Pointremote from Vthe headers" making the 'interior oftheffirst passaccessible.

2. In apparatus of the class described, the

combination of a pluralityl ofheaders, units connected to them" andtogether with .them providinga. pathgfor the flow of steam com-l prisinga plurality ofpass'esf and means at a point remote from the headersmaking the interior of the first pass accessible, the interior of theremaining pass or passes being inaccessible except from the endsattached to the headers.

3. Inapparatus of the class described, the combination of a plurality ofheaders, superheater units detachably secured to said headers, a numberof the units less than the total having means to make their interioraccessible at a point remote from the headers, the remaining "unitshaving their interior inaccessible except from their ends.

4. In apparatus of the class described the combination of a plurality ofheaders, superheater units comprising return bends detachably secured tosaid headers, a number of the units less than the total having meanstoheater units comprising return bends detachably secured to saidheaders, a number of the units less than the total having means to maketheir interior accessible through the return bends, means to direct acurrent of hot gases against and along the units, means to protect thereturn bends from said current, and additional means to protect thereturn bends permitting access to the interior.

BENJAMIN BROIDO.

